From: dmann10@hotmail.com (David M) Subject: Cisco Certification FAQ Part 1 Introduction (3:03:02) Newsgroups: alt.certification.cisco Followup-To: alt.certification.cisco Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 11:32:55 GMT Archive-Name: Certification/Cisco/Frequently Asked Questions Version: 03:03:02 Part 1 of 3 Revised: 15th February 2003 Posted: Weekly (Thursday) Title: Part 1 - Introduction alt.certification.cisco Frequently Asked Questions ================================================== Index:- Part 1 - Introduction ===================== 10.0 Statement of objectives 10.1 Newsgroup Charter 11.0 Administrivia ---------------------- 11.1 Cisco non-disclosure agreement. 11.2 Cisco Acceptable usage policy. 11.3 Before you post a question. 12.0 What is Cisco accreditation ------------------------------------ 12.1 Where do certification holders work? 12.2 Difference MCSE and Cisco certifications? 12.3 Watered Down Certificates 12.4 How many certification holders are there? 12.5 What accreditation is offered? 12.6 Salary Surveys 13.0 Testing ---------------- 13.1 Who administers tests 13.2 Where can I find test objectives 13.3 Taking the test 13.4 What is the Passmark? 13.5 When do I know I have passed the test? 13.9 What happens after the test 14.0 Learning resources --------------------------- 14.1 Cisco Connection Online 14.2 How can I get the necessary knowledge? 14.3 Where can I get Cisco training? 14.4 What publications are available? 14.5 Standards (RFC) 14.6 What simulation products are available? 14.7 Testing simulator software 14.8 Study Groups 15.0 Getting practical experience. -------------------------------------- 15.1 Home Lab. 15.2 Work Lab. 15.3 Online Labs. 15.4 Simulation. 16.0 Dealing with Cisco. ---------------------------- 16.1 Cisco Connection Online Account 16.2 Q: What are ten things I should know about the Cisco Connection online front page? 16.3 Q: Where do I get certification support at Cisco? 17.0 Links -------------- 18.0 Credits ---------------- Part 2 - Certifications ======================= 21.0 Q: What accreditation is offered? 22.0 Q: What is the Network Installation and Support stream? 23.0 Q: What is the Network Installation and Support (WAN) stream? 24.0 Q: What is the Network Engineering and Design stream? 25.0 Q: What is the Network Engineering and Design (WAN) stream? 26.0 Q: What is the Communications and Services stream? 27.0 Q: What are Specialist Designations? 28.0 Q: What are the Cisco Partner Specialisation Exams? 29.0 Entry Level CCNA, CCNA(WAN), CCDA 210.0 Journeyman Level CCIP, CCNP, CCNP(WAN), CCDP 211.0 Professional Level CCIE 212.0 Specializations 213.0 Spare 214.0 The Lost Exams Home 215.0 Cisco Certification Renewal Policy 216.0 Beta Exams Part 3 - Practical Issues ========================= 31.0 Q: What is involved in a Home Laboratory? 32.0 Router basics. 33.0 Switch Basics. 34.0 Internet Basics 35.0 Access Lists 36.0 Links ================================================================================ 10.0 Statement of objectives ==================================== This FAQ is for the newsgroup alt.certification.cisco The objective of this group is to act as a learning resource for those wishing to undertake any of the certification tests offered by Cisco Systems. It is intended to offer help with those questions associated with Cisco certification which a person has difficulty, finds obscure or in need of further clarification. It is also intended to help those who seek to reinforce theory by implementing networking scenarios associated with that theory. While everyone on this group likes to look at real life situations, questions about these scenarios are better asked in comp.dcom.sys.cisco, the professional newsgroup. Finally it is to act as a community to discuss other issues involved in gaining Cisco certification, posting of news, passes and fails, wins and losses, laughter and sadness, matters serious and silly. This FAQ is not guaranteed complete, error free or free of bias. The result represents the sum of general thought on various subjects discussed on the group over a period of time. Any errors notified will be dealt with as soon as possible after notification. This is intended to be a living document, so please submit new topics as they arise. Contributors will be acknowledged. 10.1 Newsgroup Charter ============================== 10.1.1 Where can I find the charter? A: 10.1.2 What is the charter for this newsgroup? alt.certification.cisco will be used by those people pursuing IT certification worldwide on Cisco routing products. This will include all Cisco-sponsored certifications. The discussions will cover all topics relevant to Cisco certification, including costs, studying, study aids, job prospects, and industry outlooks. This is not a comprehensive list of potential topics. A degree of technical discussion will be expected, but in-depth discussion should take place on comp.dcom.sys.cisco. This newsgroup will be unmoderated and self-policed by the regulars. Any use deemed appropriate by those using the newsgroup will be acceptable. Advertising policy: SPAM will not be tolerated, accepted or encouraged. The use of proper Netiquette will be expected from all posters. Crossposting should be limited to and from relevant newsgroups only. Commercial posting will not be considered acceptable, unless in response to a specific question. 11.0 Administrivia ====================== 11.2 Non-disclosure agreement --------------------------------- Note:- All people who post to this newsgroup and have passed a Cisco exam have signed a strict non-disclosure agreement about the type, nature and contents of the test questions. Any Cisco accreditation possessed by anyone who breaks the NDA can be withdrawn, which may lead to financial penalty to both the person breaking the NDA and their employer. This means that the non-disclosure agreement is usually honored fairly strictly and questions submitted to the group which are felt contrary to the spirit of the NDA can lead to the questioner being flamed and/ or ridiculed. Unless you are wearing your asbestos underwear, this might not be the best way to make friends and influence people in this newsgroup. 11.3 Acceptable use policy. ------------------------------- The use of any Cisco Systems material may be the subject of an agreement, which must be signed before the material, e.g logo may be used. 11.4 Before you post a question. ------------------------------------ Most usenet posts are archived back several years on A search on this site will allow one to rapidly catch up with previous postings and enable you to better define your query. Many questions and answers have been posted many times before. 12.0 What is Cisco Accreditation? ===================================== 12.1 Q: Which areas of computer networking do holders of Cisco Systems accreditation work? A: Implementation of LANs and WANs. 12.2 Q: What is the difference between an operating system qualification such as the MCSE and Cisco Systems. 12.2.1 A: Operating Systems Operating system qualifications concentrate predominantly on the implementation, operation and maintenance of specific operating systems on servers and workstations. They treat networking and connectivity issues in general terms which are sufficient for limited understanding of the network connectivity issues which affect the operation of those servers and workstations. Server/Workstation product centered, network implementation generic. 12.2.2 A: Cisco Cisco qualifications concentrate mainly on the implementation, operation and maintenance of Cisco based networks. Operating systems are dealt with only to the extent that explain the requirements placed on the network by the operating systems of the computer systems operating over it. Network product centered, Operating system generic. 12.3 Q: I have heard that CCxx certifications are becoming watered down, like the MCSE. 12.3.1 The polite Answer. A: It is a bit circular to discuss the loss of prestige of a certification due to the increased numbers of holders, on a newsgroup dedicated to increasing the numbers of holders of that certification. Please encourage those seeking to gain knowledge, discourage those seeking the less ethical path. Otherwise :- Please do not feed the Troll. 12.3.2 The not so polite answer. A: Yes, we heard that too. Perhaps you would be better off posting this in some other newsgroup. Or, just simply go away. 12.4 Q: How many CCNA/CCNP/CCIE etc. are there? 12.4.1 A: CCNA/CCDA/CCNP/CCDP: The numbers change constantly and are not publicly released by Cisco on a regular basis. 12.4.2 A: CCIE: Use link below:- http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/625/ccie/ccie_program/ccie_present.html 12.13 Some Salary Information -------------------------------- CCNA salaries can be found here: http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=91 CCNP salaries can be found here: http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=92 CCDA salaries can be found here: http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=93 CCDP salaries can be found here: http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=94 and finally CCIE numbers can be found here: http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=95 I tend to believe these numbers since these numbers are fairly current. According to the numbers, a CCNA should be making at least $43,000/year as a bare minimum, depending on geography, and as much as $86,000/year depending on their level of experience and geographic region. As the chart shows, the South pays the least money in general, while the East pays the most in general. This is true of the other Cisco certifications as far as I can tell. ["N/A" Mar 2001] 13.0 Testing ================ 13.1. Who Administers these tests? ------------------------------------- 13.1.1 CCNA, CCNP and CCIE Sylvan Prometric VUE 13.1.2 How much do they cost? Approximately US $100 per test The CCNP foundation test is US $200 CCIE Qualification test US $300 CCIE Lab test $1250 Comment: for overseas readers of the FAQ, the prices change as the currency exchange rates vary, so the best source of costing is the local branch of the testing organisation close to when the test is booked. (Sylvan Prometric, Vue or successor/ competitors) 13.1.3 Where are the tests conducted? Usually the tests can be taken wherever the testing organisations have representatives. Refer to their websites or when booking query the availability of testing centres at, or near your location. 13.2 Where can I find the objectives of the test? ----------------------------------------------------- 13.2.1 Q: Where can I find the objectives of the test? A: www.cisco.com 13.2.2 Q: Do I really have to know ... for the ... test? A: Technically, if its on the exam objectives published by Cisco, its fair game for the exam. Of course, each exam concentrates on specific things, and some things are so basic that you absolutely *must* know them, such as subnetting and the OSI model. Study the material and not the test. (JRE) 13.3 Taking the Test ------------------------ 13.3.1 Q: Do I need identification when taking the test? A: You may need several items of identification to sit the test. Check tester's website for current retails. 13.3.2 Q: How long have I to complete the test? A: 65 to 70 minutes. 13.3.3 Q: How many questions do I have to answer? A: Approximately seventy. 13.3.4 Q: What format are the questions? The questions are multiformat single and multichoice questions. Some additional activities can be expected. Expect radio buttons, check boxes, text boxes etc. Also with popup boxes for exhibits, drawings etc. Take advantage of the Sylvan pre-test demonstration before taking the actual test. 13.3.5 Q: With check boxes does the exam test that I have checked enough? A: The exam checks that you have checked enough boxes. 13.3.6 Q: Once I have answered the question can I go back? A: You are not allowed to go back to previous questions. 13.3.7 Q: Can I take a calculator into the test? A: No form of calculator is allowed, handheld or windows. All calculation must be carried out either by mental arithmetic or using the scratch paper/ media provided by the examination centre. 13.4 What is the passmark? ------------------------------ Cisco revise the tests, the questions and the passmark periodically. The passmark at the moment is:- CCNA2 (640-507) mid 800's (849)(up from low 800's) CCDA mid 700's (755) CCNP2 (Various) low to mid 700's for each of the four tests CCDP2 (Various) Ditto Comment(1): Study the material and not the test. Never assume you have a cushion to work with. Fight for every answer. (JRE) Comment(2): Make sure you are learning the material and not memorizing the test questions as the questions are drawn from an extensive question bank. Davidm 13.5 Q: How is the exam marked? ---------------------------------- A: The exam is marked from 300 to 1000. Minimum mark 300. 13.6 Q: When do I know I have passed the test? -------------------------------------------------- A: The exam is marked at the completion of the test. A certified copy of your results is available with a breakdown of your strengths and weaknesses in the various test areas. 13.9 What happens after I have passed the test? --------------------------------------------------- 13.9.1 Q: How long does it take to transfer my exam results to the Galton Database? A: Allow three working days for the results to be transferred to the Galton database. Your results can be accessed either initially by your testing centre ID number and candidate number, later by Cisco ID number and password. 13.9.2 Q: How do I find the Galton database? A: You can find the Galton database through the Cisco website. 13.9.3 Q: How do I apply for Cisco Logo? A: Upon access to the Galton site, you can apply for the appropriate Cisco Logos for stationery etc. They will be return emailed to you as an attachment. Sign necessary licenses when required. 13.9.4 Q: How long does it take to get my documentation package? A: Allow 6 to 8 weeks for the certificate and wallet card to be mailed to you. Refer to Cisco site for current information. 13.9.5 Q: Are any other items provided? A: Tee shirts are no longer available. (Rats!) 14.0 Learning resources =========================== 14.1 Cisco online --------------------- 14.1.1 The prime source of all information on all things Cisco is the website cisco connection online. www.cisco.com 14.1.2 It is almost as necessary to be able to use this site as it is to gain certification. 14.1.3 Many publications, guides, job aids and equipment manuals are available in html or pdf format on this site. 14.2 How can I get the necessary knowledge? ----------------------------------------------- 14.2.1 Q: How can I get the necessary knowledge? A: The approach to the required training depends on the individual's circumstance. It may consist of a mixture of courses, self-study, work experience and home laboratory demonstrations. 14.3 Where can I get Cisco training? ---------------------------------------- 14.3.1 Cisco training partner Cisco approved training courses Advantage:- Short Duration Disadvantage:- Cost, High pressure. Intended audience:- Those working in the field with some experience for a list of training partners 14.3.2 Cisco Network Academy Comprehensive network education aimed at secondary school students originated by Cisco. (Year 9-12) Advantages:- Price (Usually cheap), some hands on prac. Disadvantage:- Long Duration (1 - 2 Years (4 semesters) for CCNA) Intended Audience:-Year 10-12 school students as a technology elective. Sometimes post year 12 schools offer this course as part of their curriculum. Some schools also offer semesters 5-7 leading to CCNP 14.3.3 Third party training There are various third party vendors offering training towards the CCNA in particular. Advantage:- wider availability Disadvantage:- Cost, Possible variable quality (Caveat Emptor) Intended audience:- those to whom a Cisco qualification is important, often in association with other IT certifications. 14.3.4 Self Study Self study is an option as formal classroom study may not be an option. Advantage:- No fixed times for study. Disadvantage:- Need to be disciplined enough to have a firm timeline for completion of study. 14.3.4.1 Online Study Cisco through partners offers online training. Refer Cisco site. Other vendors may offer similar training. 14.3.4.2 Books/ Hardware/ multimedia Many books are available for at least the core certifications. Look to book/ simulation and multimedia presentations as a newer option. 14.4 What publications are available? ----------------------------------------- 14.4.1 Cisco Press Cisco press offer several lines of books. 14.4.1.1 Cisco Network Academy Titles 14.4.1.2 Cisco Certification, Various Certificates and Specializations. Many titles, mostly two books for each test, a course book and a study guide. Course book is a formal presentation of material -if you do not have much background. Certification Guide if you have significant background. They use a test/ study material/ test revision like format. Both if you are obsessed. 14.4.1.3 CCIE Professional Development Library 14.4.1.4 Cisco Professional Publications Extensive range of books on various network areas. Valuable for background/ further reading for certifications as several of these publications are the basis of parts of courses and testing. e.g. Top Down Network Design Priscilla Oppenheimer - (CCDA/DP) Internet Routing Architectures Sam Halabi - (BSCN) 14.4.1.5 Cisco IOS Documentation Most of this is available on the Cisco website, but is in edited hard copy for those who find they need it. 14.4.2 Sybex Certification books are by Tod Lammle and various co-authors. 14.4.3 Mcgraw-Hill Several lines of books, some certification related some not. Main author of certification texts is Snygrass et al. 14.4.4 Others Various other publishers offer books 14.5 Standards ------------------ The standards for the internet are the RFCs. Complete copies of the relevant RFCs are freely available from various sites on the internet, including Cisco, in text format and without charge. RFCs 14.6 What simulation products are available ----------------------------------------------- 14.6.1 Q: Where can I find a good router simulator? A: "Never used one myself, but I think these are popular: www.routersim.com www.boson.com" (JRE) 14.7 Testing simulator software etc. ---------------------------------------- 14.7.1 Q: Where can I download the Boson tests/cracks? A: They are $30, how cheap can you be? Go buy them. (JRE) http://www.boson.com 14.7.2 Q: How good are Transcenders for Cisco tests? A: The general opinion of the group is that they are of limited use. The Cisco question banks are too large and diverse, to pass the exam on memorizing questions alone. 14.8 Groups --------------------- 14.8.1 Study Group 14.8.1.1 Q: What is a study group 14.8.1.2 Q: What are the advantages of belonging to a study group? A: 14.8.1.3 Q: What are the disadvantages of belonging to a study group? A: 14.8.2 Users Group 14.8.2.1 Q: What is a Users Group A: 14.8.2.1 Q: What are the advantages of belonging to a Users Group. A: From The South Carolina Users Group home page. "Technology updates - we want to keep up with the latest in technology Networking with networkers - we want to maintain contact with those in the Carolinas who are doing networking Encourage Certifications - we want to support and encourage certification achievement" South Carolina Users Group 14.8.2.2 Q: What are the disadvantages of belonging to a Users Group A: 15.0 Getting practical experience ===================================== 15.0 Network Lab -------------------- Most people find it necessary to have at least some practical experience implementing some of the concepts on the various exam syllabi. This means purchasing equipment, using spare equipment at work, the use of online laboratories or simulation. 15.1 Home Lab. ------------------ 15.1.1 Q: What reason would someone want a Home Lab? A: A home lab is useful to demonstrate concepts which come up on the job, at school, or through study. It is also useful to get experience in areas where you might not otherwise get it. 15.1.2 Q: What is the main limit on the size of a home lab? A: The prime limit on the size of a home lab is the cost, followed by the need to find space to store the equipment. 15.1.3 Q: What are the challenges faced by someone building a home lab? A: For those buying equipment, the challenge is to implement as many concepts as possible without buying sufficient equipment for a large ISP. Most buy secondhand, from online auctions etc. 15.1.4 Q: What are the disadvantages of a home lab? A: The two main disadvantages of a home lab are the cost and the pending obsolescence of equipment purchased. Plus there is the ever present problem of needing just one more piece of equipment to complete a project. 15.1.5 Q: What else can I expect from a home lab? A: The ability to go further than study and trying out concepts to develop solutions to networking problems. 15.2 Using equipment at work. --------------------------------- 15.2.1 Q: What are the advantages of using equipment at work? A: Using equipment at work has the advantage of working with current equipment, or recently de-commissioned equipment. If a good development lab is available, it is a great advantage. 15.2.2 Q: What are the disadvantages of using equipment at work? A: If there is limited chance to gain the range of experience required - then it is necessary to supplement this work experience with home labs. 15.3 Online Labs -------------------- Various locations on the web offer access to various switches and routers for configuration practice. Search either in the group or via search engine to locate such a facility. These may either be free or require a fee for use. 15.4 Using simulated networks --------------------------------- 15.4.1 Q: What Does Simulation Offer? A: Simulation offers mixed switch and router configuration exercises. 15.4.2 Q: What are the advantages of simulation? A: The advantage of simulation is that a number of configuration exercises involving a number of items of equipment can be performed without the need to purchase equipment and deal with IOS versions. 15.4.3 Q: What are the disadvantages of Simulation? A: Simulation is limited in that only a subset of the configuration commands are implemented. This limits the simulation essentially to the exercises. "Never used one myself, but I think these are popular: " (JRE) 16.0 Dealing with Cisco =========================== 16.1 Q: How do I get access to CCO? --------------------------------------- A: Either buy a service contract on a piece of Cisco hardware, or sign up for their consultant program. The whole website is CCO. Casual users - those who don't have an account have access to the extensive public areas. Those who have an account have access to further private areas. To gain an account to these areas you must be:- 1/ An equipment owner with a maintenance contract. (Smartnet) 2/ A retailer signed up under retailer program 3/ A system consultant signed up under consultant program 4/ CCIE. 5/ Cisco employee Areas include IOS images, bug fixes and updates. 16.2 Q: What are ten things I should know about the Cisco Connection online front page? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Cisco home page has a number of web components. These are a text search box, drop down selection boxes, straight HTML links and a number of pushbuttons. Virtually every component on the Cisco home page will take you to an area of the Cisco Website. 16.2.1 Q: What is the component which does not have a link attached? A: The component which does not have a link is the "Cisco Connection Online" text at the top right. 16.2.2 Q: What happens if I click my mouse on the Cisco logo? A: Double clicking on the Cisco Systems logo takes you to the LOGO page. Information on the various Cisco logos, how to obtain them and the usage thereof is obtained by clicking on the Cisco Logo. 16.2.3 Q: How do I search the Cisco Website? The type in text box enables a search of the Cisco site. Type in the keywords referring to the information you want to find in the text box and either enter or click the "Go" Button with the mouse. for example "password recovery" and a model number will enable you to search for the password recovery technique for a specific router. 16.2.4 Q: What is the purpose of the row of text under the logo at the top right? A: The coloured text lines under the large text "Cisco Connection Online" on the white background takes you directly into areas of the Website. The Components are:- How to Buy (Orange) Connects you to information on the dealer network. Login (Green) Logs you in if you have an account. Register (White) Is how you register for an account. Map/Help (White) Is the way to get help about using the website Countries/ Languages (White) Enable you to change the language of the CCO home page. Mouse clicking on Countries/Languages at the end of the line enables you to change the home page language. Within the large box with the white background, ----------------------------------------------- 16.2.5 Q: What does the "Solutions for your Network" selection box do? A: This selection box takes you to specific network solutions. 16.2.6 Q: What does the "Products and Technologies" selection box do? A: This selection box takes you to product categories. For example to find product information on routers, click onto the selection box and select routers from the options. 16.2.7 Q: What are the properties of the text in this box? A: The rest of this box consists of hypertext links. For example clicking on the phrase "Certification and Training" takes you to the directly to the certification and training home page. The RED text takes you to the home page for a specific area. The BLUE text takes you to lower level home pages. Many of these pages consist again of hypertext links which enable you to drill down further into the site. For greater impact there are a number of buttons with legends on top which will take you to parts of the Cisco Website that are the subject of special attention. These are on the blue background to the right of the webpage. 16.2.8 Q: What are the properties of the "News@Cisco" graphic? A: The "News @ Cisco" graphic will take you to the press releases. A specific press release has a link from within this graphic. 16.2.9 Q: What are the properties of the text in the middle of the blue box? A: The three text components under this which are separated by horizontal lines are links to areas of the Website. 16.2.10 Q: What are the properties of the grapics on the lower right? A: The three graphic boxes under this are pushbuttons which will again take you to areas of the Website which correspond to the legend on the pushbutton. 16.3 Q: Where do I get certification support at Cisco? ---------------------------------------------------------- A: (You will have to arrange an account) Anyone interested in Cisco certification SHOULD get an account. 16.2 Q: What difference does this make with dealing with Cisco? A: With the introduction of this service on the Cisco site, Cisco have stopped providing certification answers by telephone and have made this the main way of contact on these matters. Question by email is only available after researching the FAQ style questions on this site. 16.3.3 Q: Are any Fees Charged? A: No fees are charged. 16.3.4 Q: Is a Cisco ID number required? A: Despite being very prominent, the Cisco ID number is optional and not required - If you don't have one there is no problem opening an account. 16.3.5 Q: What is the only thing really required? A: The only thing really required is an email account name as ID. 16.3.6 Q: What is it that I need to know about opening an account? A: The Cisco site seems to set a cookie on opening an account. When you go back, you don't have to re-enter your ID. 17.0 Links ============== 17.0 Newsgroup Charter --------------------------- 17.1 alt.certification.cisco FAQ ------------------------------------- Michael N. Rubino Keith T. Williams Bob Connor (Old) 17.2 Usenet archive ------------------------ http://groups.google.com/ If you want to look at any past posts, including the FAQ, use the URL, 17.4 Cisco Links --------------------- RFCs ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/fred/rfc-index/rfc.html Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference (11.3) (watch line wrap) Internetwork Design Guide Internetwork Case studies Internetwork technology Overview 17.5 JREs Links Here's a partial of my favorites (in no particular order): www.boson.com www.groupstudy.com www.certificationzone.com ---JRE--- 17.9 Odd Links ------------------- Sniffing FAQ IANA Home Page IETF Home Page 18.0 Credits ================ Originator "J. R. Ford" jr-ford@home.com This version "davidm" dmann10@hotmail.com Contributions:- JRE "NoOneYouKnow" NoOneYouKnow@SpammersSuckBigTime.Com Bob Connor CCIE Information:- Unknown psion1 Salary Information "N/A" Access Lists and RFC addresses Paul J Murphy Proofreading:- Chris Sherlock Authur Raymond I have received notice that some people have put the FAQ on their websites. Michael N. Rubino Keith T. Williams If you want to look at any past posts, including the FAQ, use the URL, I have no objection to this FAQ being posted on other sites, I only ask that the claim of copyright not be deleted, the FAQ be posted in its entirety and that it be updated as this FAQ is updated. >>>---- End Of Part 1 of 3 ---<<<